Essay on The Emperors Club - 967 Words

The Emperor’s Club is a film that addresses many moral and social aspects that are central to contemporary society’s moral controversy. Can morals be properly instilled in a young person outside of religion? Can our future decisions be predicted based on our current character? Can our current character even be changed or molded? Can morals be learned through studying the classics? The Emperors Club’s main characters are Mr. Hundert a teacher of classics at a prestigious preparatory school, and an unruly or misunderstood student, Sedgwick Bell. Their characters seem to perpetually butt heads, or at least be contrasting moral characters. How do I understand the ethical choices of the central characters? The main ethical dilemma in†¦show more content†¦Mr. Hundert continues, saying that as a teacher it is his duty to mold Sedgwick. Here the Senator abruptly cuts him off and condescendingly informs him that he shall not mold his son, but to leave it for himself to do. That Mr. Hundert should only concern himself with instructing his son in such things as his times tables. Obviously not what Mr. Hundert expected to happen there in the Senator’s office. So basically after being chopped off at the knees in what he regards being a teacher is all about, and after seeing that Sedgwick was wanting of a father figure. The Senator’s phone call to his son and its obvious negative impact providing evidence of this. Mr. Hundert gives one more try, and challenges Sedgwick, gives him his old textbook, and told Sedgwick that he believed in him. With these actions he disregards the senator’s warning and attempts to mold him and become a spiritual father to Sedgwick. Sedgwick turns his act around and starts applying himself to his studies. And eventually makes his way near the top of the class, almost qualifying him for a spot in the Julius Caesar contest. So seduced by Sedgwick’s renewed effort, Mr. Hundert decides to bump him up into the last spot kicking some other poor kid out. Hoping that the ends justify the means, Mr. Hundert, a man who believes in the rules, broke them. But there are two moral climaxes in The Emperor’s Club. Both remarkably similar to each other, but taking place some 20 odd years apart.Show MoreRelatedThe Emperors Club1586 Words   |  7 PagesMasoudi (Jesse Eisenberg), the introverted Martin Blythe (Paul Dano), and the studious Deepak Mehta (Rishi Mehta), all of whom are incredibly intelligent. He inspires all of them to study hard in order to become one of the three contestants for The Emperors Club and be crowned Mr. Julius Caesar, a competition which pits the top three students of his class in a contest where they will be asked questions regarding the Classics. Blythe also mentions proudly that his father was once a Mr. Julius CaesarRead MoreThe Emperors Club1575 Words   |  7 PagesMasoudi (Jesse Eisenberg), the introverted Martin Blythe (Paul Dano), and the studious Deepak Mehta (Rishi Mehta), all of whom are incredibly intelligent. He inspires all of them to study hard in order to become one of the three contestan ts for The Emperors Club and be crowned Mr. Julius Caesar, a competition which pits the top three students of his class in a contest where they will be asked questions regarding the Classics. Blythe also mentions proudly that his father was once a Mr. Julius CaesarRead MoreThe Emperors Club Reflection Paper1516 Words   |  7 Pagesas science would explain it, our brain does partial perception in an event giving us a sense of familiarity. A familiarity that felt like the event repeated. As the clichà © would say, â€Å"History repeats itself†. The first time I saw the film, The Emperor’s Club, I thought that this was just another movie telling its audience that history repeats itself. However, upon watching it closely the second time around, I realized that it wasn’t a history repeating kind but a dà ©jà   vu type. Dà ©jà   vu occurs whenRead More Comparing the Movies, Fight Club and Gladiator Essay748 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Movies, Fight Club and Gladiator People today enjoy the same things that people enjoyed during the Roman Empire. In the movie, Gladiator, Maximus fights in the Coliseum in front of all the people of Rome. In the movie Fight Club they have fights between different people in front of all the people of the club. This shows that people who lived 1000s of years before us where entertained by violence just like most of us are today. The theme that ties both Fight Club and Gladiator togetherRead MoreThe Movie The Emperor s Club 1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe movie, â€Å"The Emperor’s Club† tells a story concerning a passionate and principled teacher, Mr. Hundert, who finds his world a little shaken when a new student, Sedgewick Bell walks into his classroom. Mr. Hundert teaches at Saint Benedict, a private school for boys. The movie begins with Mr. Hundert stating that a man s character is his faith and that for the most of us, our stories can be written before we die. This movie is very powerfu l, regarding principles, virtues, and ethics that revolveRead MoreEssay on Commodus1453 Words   |  6 Pagesemperor began dressing like Hercules, son of the god Jupiter. His clothes consisted of lions skin, and he carried around a club. Commodus also enjoyed gladiatorial combat. He even went as far as fighting in arenas. This did not impress his subjects. In fact, they could not believe that their emperor willingly reduced himself to the lowest human being on earth. The emperors gladiator career seemed like a joke to the citizen. And though he claimed to have killed 12,000 men in his numerous combatsRead MoreBanning Books Should Not Be Banned Books1558 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the strife of concerned parents, many organizations try to rebel and advocate for a younger audience to read these books. These operations choose to go against parents through having a yearly â€Å"Banned Books Week.† Reading books like; Fight Club, The Glass Castle, and believe it or not Harry Potter, is a way to advocate for banned books. There are two spectrums in this argument the people worried that books can corrupt minds and the people who read to learn and understand. It is importantRead MoreEmbracing Defeat, By John Dower 1418 Words   |  6 Pagessituation through the eyes of the Japanese, their experiences, responses, and dreams. In doing so, Dower shed’s novel insight in how Japan reconstructed itself through the ashes of defeat. Beginning with a narrative of a Japanese woman first hearing Emperor’s Hirohito nationwide broadcast that the war had ended and Japan had lost, and then immediately collapsing to the ground in anguish, (34) Dower introduces the reader to an experience that resonated with a groaning people. In ‘shattered lives,’ DowerRead MoreMen Sculptures From Ancient Art867 Words   |  4 Pagespicked have a rich history of some of the great arts of the time. Apart from that, it shows how similar art works was carved from time to time. The Lansdowne Herakles is the centerpiece of the mini exhibition. It is a sculpture of a Greek god with a club in his hands. On his right hand, he has the skin of a lion. It gives a glimpse of what the man could be. He seems like a hunter or a warrior. He put center of gravity on his right leg, his left leg is slightly bend, making a pose called ContrappostoRead MoreEducation Is The Most Important Aspect Of Life2012 Words   |  9 Pagesperson born there are more opportunities to learn and educate others, always expanding on the vast definition of legacy itself. A few direct pieces from Ms. Frankenberg were quite efficacious in proving the importance of education to a legacy. The Emperor’s Club, an intriguing film about a boys private school, was perhaps the most literal definition of education and legacy of them all. Not only is the learning provided through the school curriculum, it also provides an education of the morals. However

Fear Of Being Queer By Karen L. Cox And The Paradox Of...

Fear of Being Queer Queer is a term that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) people use to describe the entire LGBT community. It has made them feel like they have their own community where heterosexist people won’t judge them. â€Å"The term is used positively to say it is okay to be different and it serves as an inclusive category that encompasses the shared political and social experiences of the group (classnotes, 2016). Basing on this assertion, Queer Theory through the theme of lesbian isolation in a heterosexist world is seen in â€Å"Don’t Explain† by the ways the protagonist Letty recognizes her sexual orientation but denies it, demonstrates internalized homophobia, and the way Letty interacts with Delia and Terry. In addition, the articles â€Å"We’re Here, We’re Queer, Y’all† by Karen L. Cox and â€Å"The Paradox of coming out† by Steven Petrow further proofs how queer theory is evident in â€Å"Don’t Explain.† It is clear that stereotyping basing on sexual orientation has led to negative perceptions of different LGBT community members (McDonald, 2013). In most cases, lesbians have been painted as men haters or over-feminized just as gays have been portrayed as haters of women. These stereotypes do not apply to all lesbians but creates undue pressure on characters like Letty forcing then to live in fear because of being different. The fact that fictional lesbian visual representation has being distorted by heterosexuals males has caused Letty and her lot to conceal their true

What is Critical Thinking Free Essays

Critical thinking is the skill to apply reasoning and logic to fresh or unused ideas, views, and conditions. Thinking critically includes seeing stuffs in an open-minded manner and observing an idea or concept from as many approaches as likely. This essential skill lets people stare past their individual interpretations of the world and to improve and realize the views of others. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Critical Thinking? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is frequently used in discussions, to procedure additional cogent and well-rounded arguments, and in science. The skill to think critically is essential, as it generates new opportunities in problem solving. Being â€Å"open-minded† is a huge portion of critical thinking, permitting an individual to not simply search for out all likely answers to a problem, but to as well accept an response that is diverse from what was initially expected. Open-minded thinking needs that a individual does not take responsibility that his or her method of approaching a circumstances is always best, or even right. Critical thinking is well-defined as reasonable, reflective, responsible, and skillful thinking that is fixated on determining what to have confidence in or do. Critical thinking is analytical thinking. This sort of thinking takes complications away from each other fundamentally and down to their origins, in order to solve the problems. Critical thinking is not a matter of gathering information. An individual with a respectable memory and who recognizes a lot of facts is not automatically good at critical thinking. A critical thinker is capable to deduce concerns from what he identifies, and he recognizes how to create the use of information to answer problems, and to search for related sources of information to advise him. How is your response different from the one you wrote in Week One? The differences from what I wrote in week one till now is that in week one I was just looking up there information and just cite everything, but now I have a good understanding about what critical thinking is and how to be a critical thinker. In week one I did not know how to think critical but now everything I do I make sure I’m using critical thinking as an everyday route. How to cite What is Critical Thinking?, Papers

Project Management for Apple - MacDonald and Adidas- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management for Apple, MacDonald and Adidas. Answer: According to research, the teenagers in Australia earn pocket money from their parents by doing certain household chores such as mowing the lawn, taking out the garbage or cleaning the house. This might seem surprising that by doing household chores most of the children who belong to the families who are well off economically spend up to 5000 dollars in a year ("Teens come with a $5000 price tag", 2018). The most popular categories of their purchase include clothing, electronic gadgets and fast food items. A study was conducted with the help of online questionnaires and after assessing the answers provided by 810 teenagers it was found that the most popularly owned items are Mp3 players, watches. The popular brands among the teenagers are Apple, MacDonalds, Adidas, and Coca Cola ("Teens come with a $5000 price tag", 2018). The one thing that every teenager has acknowledged is that they cannot live without internet. The boys are more attracted towards electronic gadgets and other technical toys; this causes them to spend more than the girls. The girls mostly spend their money on clothes and jewellery and other accessories. The brands of clothes differ on the demographic position of the individuals but the item remains the same. Some of the popular brands of clothing are Cotton On, Dotti, JayJays, Supra and Diva ("Teens come with a $5000 price tag", 2018). To sum up, the teenagers in Australia do have a good amount of purchasing power, which they utilize in buying certain items such as clothes, gadgets and food, these are the three most popular items with the teenagers and they spend quite a lot in comparison with their income capabilities. The future of the shopping trends will mostly depends on online shopping as more number of consumers is using the same. The huge collection of products that are available in the online platform is the main cause of attraction of the customers along with the fact that products are quite cheaper. Reference List: Teens come with a $5000 price tag. (2018).Heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/teenagers-are-spending-an-average-of-5000-a-year-of-their-parents-hard-earned-money-survey-reveals/news-story/2c615caaceb2a41239d1d7399d17afab

Survey Results

Introduction Research has been a useful instrument in many aspects of human life. Other than natural science studies, which are very common among natural scientists, social science research has gained relevance over the recent years. Kurtz (2008) observes that the society is very dynamic. Many activities in society change due to technological developments.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Survey Results specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because of this, there has been an increasing desire to conduct research, which may answer several questions emerging in our current society. Social science research focuses on human behavior. Unlike in pure sciences where a specimen can be put in some controlled environment, human behavior cannot be put under restricted conditions. Moreover, a human being can change his or her character or provide untrue answers once he or she realizes that there is a study being conducted on his or her behavior. This would therefore demand social scientists to master the art of studying human behavior. This may not be very easy because in most cases, there is always a need to be closer enough to the object being studied. In case the subject being studied is a human being, it would be challenging to conclude research findings successfully. Human behavior is subject to change. Researchers should note this and device ways of dealing with it. Surveys offer the best way through which human behavior can be understood. A researcher may decide to conduct a study through surveying. Churchill and Lacobucci (2004) assert that a survey has proved to be a very effective method of conducting research. A researcher can decide to utilize an interview method in gathering data. Furthermore, the technique could as well be supplemented with surveying. This is important as the researcher would generalize from his or her own observation and use the results from the interview to validate or m odify the study. Research Methods Every research project applies a specific research method to achieve its objectives. This may actually depend on the goal of the project. The researcher in this paper intends to find out the prevalence of drug abuse in the state of Arizona. The society detests the habit of drug addiction. Not many people will admit that at one time or another, he or she was involved in drug abuse.Advertising Looking for case study on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They would provide information that would not expose their behaviors in relation to drug abuse. The researcher therefore devices a method that would back up the findings received from various respondents. A survey could be used to support the interview. For the interview, the researcher designed questionnaires that would guide respondents in answering structured questions. The questionnaire was designed to gather information pertaining to respondent’s gender, their involvement in drug abuse and their encounters with police officers. The researcher was keen to exclude some statements from the questionnaire. In the questionnaire, the researcher deliberately avoided asking questions such as whether the respondent was a drunkard when the accident occurred. Such questions are intimidating and can change the mood of the respondent leading to biased answers. In this scenario, the researcher made a concerted effort to design questions in a way that would not make respondents feel guilty either as drunkards or as drunk drivers. The researcher succeeded in doing this in his third question, which inquires about any encounter with the Arizona State officers. This question was designed to push the blame on state officers. This lifts the guilt from the respondent hence increasing the chances of extracting required information from the respondent. To maintain ethics in this study, the researcher explained the purpose of the study and its intended use. Application of the Scenario The concept used in the above scenario would be applicable in a business research. In most business researches, there is always the need to gather information without intimidating respondents. The questionnaire in this scenario was designed technically. Therefore, it is appropriate to ensure that respondents are not subjected to questions that are intimidating. In case there is a question that needs to be addressed, it should be structured in a way that would not make respondents feel guilty.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Survey Results specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is always very important to limit uncertainties when collecting data. This would call for application of appropriate probability concepts when collecting data. In this research, it would be appropriate to use empirical probability concept. This is because the data will be given a h istorical analysis. Empirical approach would limit uncertainties that always come with data collection techniques (MacLean, Mohr, 1999). In any research, it is always vital to identify discreet outcomes. In the case provided, the researcher was able to gather discreet data from respondents by carefully designing the questionnaire to avoid biased answers. It is always necessary to ensure that the data collected is as accurate as possible. Most researches are always useful in formulating policies that may be applicable in various fields in society. As Kabani (2009) explains, accuracy and precision of various probability concepts is important if information is to be of any use. However, these probability concepts always have some degree of assumptions. These assumptions may jeopardize the accuracy of results. On the other hand, the need for accuracy and precision may also render a concept irrelevant. This will call for a balance between the need for accuracy or precision and the appli cability of a concept. This should be done in a way that would allow accuracy while still accepting the practicability of the concept used. Hamilton (2004) explains that in a bid to ensure maximum accuracy, care should be taken to ensure that necessary assumptions are taken into considerations. Similarly, the assumptions should not override the need for accurate data. Data gathered through survey indicate that majority of drivers in the state of Arizona are men. The survey also indicates that majority of these drivers are always involved in drug abuse. From the survey, over 80% admitted that at one point, they were involved in drug abuse. From the interview, it was also ascertained that police officers in this state are not keen on identifying the culprits. Many cases of drug abuse always go unnoticed and this endangers the lives of other members of society. Care should be taken to ensure that this issue is addressed fully. Indeed, many people have perished due to drug addiction. Po licy makers have a role to play as far as drug abuse is concerned. No action can be taken without sufficient data.Advertising Looking for case study on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, proper investigation should be carried out to identify the major causes of the problem in the state of Arizona. Researchers would therefore employ data collection techniques that are precise in order to come up with accurate information. Conducting research is the first step in solving any problem afflicting society. References Churchill, G., Lacobucci, D. (2004). Marketing Research with Infortrac: Methodological Foundations. New York, NY: Southwestern Publications. Hamilton, A. (2004). Handbook of Project Management Procedures. New York, NY: TTL Publishing. Kabani, S. (2009). The Zen Of Social Media: An Easier Way to Build Credibility, Generate Buzz, and Increase Revenue. Dallas: Ben Bella Books. Kurtz, D. (2008). Contemporary Marketing: Designing Customer Oriented marketing Strategy. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. MacLean, M., Mohr, M. (1999). Teacher-researcher at Work. Berkeley, CA: National Writing Project. This case study on Survey Results was written and submitted by user Madison Sargent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Its Is a short summary about Sherlock Holmes for Hounds Of The Baskervilles

Its Is a short summary about Sherlock Holmes for Hounds Of The Baskervilles Sherlock Holmes is a very complex character, he has many different qualities. You can almost think you know him, and then he might do something unexpected, like later in the book. I can not give his physical description, because the book does not go into great detail about his appearance. He approaches evidence in a very good manor. He always looks everything over; He always looks for every piece of evidence that he would be able to pick up and use. He also thinks outside the box when he is investigating, that is one reason why he is so good at his job as a detective. When he questions someone, he ask them every single question that can do with that case, because Sherlock Holmes know that he might not be able to question them again later. Holmes thinks a lot of himself and he makes it very evident. Some time he almost even shows off and brags to Watson about how he is better than him at solving crimes.Sherlock Holmes in "The Adventure of the Dying Det...Such as, in the first chapter, Holmes asks Watson what he thinks about the walking cane that was left behind. Watson examines the cane and give his best thought about what happened. Then, Holmes just said that that was a nice try, but this is what he belives what happened with his stick, and he was almost saying what he says, is right, always. Holmes does have a few quirks about him. He is almost unnaturally intelligent and can think of a solution to a case in a very short time. He cocaine addiction is also a very peculiar part about him. You wouldn't think that someone that smart and with that sharp of a mind would resort to cocaine when in need of assistance in thinking. I think the...

Understanding & Analyzing Competing Values Framework Assignment

Understanding & Analyzing Competing Values Framework - Assignment Example Through these processes, the organization eventually achieves stability and control. Open Systems Model (OSM) emphasizes adaptability, growth, organic system, resources acquisition, and external support. The Rational Goal Model (RGM) emphasizes rational action with the major aspect being the realization of profit. The primary assumption of this quadrant is that planning as well as goal setting lead to outcomes namely efficiency and productivity. Human Relations Model (HRM) is founded on morale and cohesion with special emphasis on capacity building and human resource management (Cameron & Spreitzer 2012). Members of an organization act as cooperating members and not alienated individuals of a common social system. The Research/Study The efficiency and value of the models that help in understanding the structure is the primary goal of the research. The study further attempts to scrutinize and evaluate how various structures of the organization operate towards accomplishing the set obj ectives in the short term and long-term basis. Apparently, every business enterprise has distinct rationale and composition that helps in tackling fundamental challenges that have considerable chance to hamper the efforts and goals already set out by the management and employees (Cameron & Quinn 2011). The essential facet of the study was to establish suitable ways of inventing the framework. This would help in making the rationale become more effective notwithstanding other invisible challenges or factors. Understanding the task of the framework has become even much easier following discovery of two vital dimensions of efficiency in an organizational framework. The potential dangers and disapproval because of the contemporary criteria was another... This essay stresses that the efficiency and value of the models that help in understanding the structure is the primary goal of the research. The study further attempts to scrutinize and evaluate how various structures of the organization operate towards accomplishing the set objectives in the short term and long-term basis. Apparently, every business enterprise has distinct rationale and composition that helps in tackling fundamental challenges that have considerable chance to hamper the efforts and goals already set out by the management and employees. This paper makes a conclusion that The co-worker perceives me as someone who works productively, facilitates a more constructive working environment, manages stress and time, and develop and communicate vision. The co-worker has further developed firm conviction that I can set vital goals and objectives; prove to be instrumental in design and organization, project management, designing work, managing across functions, and controlling information overload, process and deliberate on management with critical thinking. Other skills include developing employees, effectual communication, understanding and appreciating people around as well as my efforts, conflict management, and team building. These self-assessment instruments have considerable influence on my capacity to improve personal output as well as efforts to integrate fresh ideas into the organization. Finally, the instruments would facilitate the process of building positive relationships with co-workers and the management notwit hstanding the realism about multiplicity of roles.

Physical Theatre Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Physical Theatre Journal - Essay Example Examining the relationship of the theatre to different parts of the performance can create a different understanding of how the expressions in physical theatre established. In traditional theatre, the main component is to use dialogue and monologue to express different ideologies. This tradition is able to express different components and brings out the main identity within the theatre. In physical theatre, the words are secondary to the actions and physical expressions that are taken. The words are only used to support the actions that are taken and to exemplify the identity which is taken through the physical movements. For the physical theatre to work effectively, one has to understand the qualities of words through physical movement, as opposed to the expected description of the word. For instance, if one wants to express the idea of wisdom, then the physical movements will need to show this and place metaphors and similes that are expressed through the body. The text then becomes a supporting role that allows actors and actresses to interpret a given idea and form (Callery, 2001). The text that is associated with the physical aspects is one which makes the writer redundant in the creation of ensemble work. Since the work is only used to define the physical aspects, the writer no longer holds the same place within the establishment of the work. The main component which establishes this is the combination of intertextuality and intratextuality. The intertextuality comes from the writer and is used only as a guideline to establish the main work which is occurring. The intratext is how this is established within a given environment. According to Robin Arthur, director of physical theatre, the entertainment was one which allowed the text to be used and re-used. The single line of text, when going into the

The Moons of Mars Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Moons of Mars - Term Paper Example They are not only being speculated as the next best targets for space colonization, but also as gateways for further cost-effective investigations on Mars. This is largely because lifting off and landing of spaceships on Phobos and Deimos would take up lesser fuel than similar missions on Mars or the Moon, owing to their lesser gravity (about 1/1000th that of the Earth), and low atmospheric resistance. Since manned missions to the Martian moons are much more feasible, it would be possible for humans to investigate and explore the Red Planet further, from remote observatories located on its moons. This would be more productive than using robots and probes for scientific investigation. As Siegfried Fred Singer describes it, in The Scientific American: The basic advantage of astronauts is that they can explore Mars in real time, free of communications delays and capable of following up interesting results with new experiments. Robots, even after decades of research to make them complete ly autonomous, cannot manage without people in the loop. But the question arises: Where should the astronauts be? The obvious answer--on the surface of Mars--is not necessarily the most efficient. At the first "Case for Mars" conference in 1981, one of the more provocative conclusions was that the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, could serve as comparatively inexpensive beachheads. (1) This brings out the practicality and possibility of colonizing the Martian moons, and how it will be helpful for development of novel strategies for cheaper, fuel efficient and realistic research on Mars. The two Moons of Mars Phobos and Deimos were both discovered by Asaph Hall, using the 206-inch refractor of U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington D. C. Phobos (Greek for 'fear'), the larger of the two, is 27 kilometers long. Its distance from Mars is just 5700 kilometers and it completes an orbit in about 8 hours. The large Stickney crater on its left is perhaps its most prominent feature. Deimos (Gree k for 'Panic') is 14.5 kilometers long and completes an orbit in 30 hours. Its distance from Mars is 23,460 kilometers. Studies carried out by scientists in 1997 revealed that both the moons are about 2 billion years old and their composition is similar to meteorites, Type 1 or 2 carbonaceous chondrites, found in the Asteroid Ceres as well as in the asteroid belt. This led to conclusions that the two moons are actually captured asteroids, and didn't actually originate from the planet itself. Two probes, Phobos 1 and Phobos 2, launched by the Soviet Union to study the two moons failed, ending the mission in 1989. The Mars Global Surveyor and the European Mars Express have carried out further observations on the Martian moons. The Mars Reconnaissance Mission is also carrying out studies on the spectral properties of the moons as part of the Mars exploration mission. The moons look like tiny dots from the surface of Mars, according to information obtained from Mars Exploration Rovers- Spirit and Opportunity. Other missions solely for the study of the moons are currently under plans. Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell/Texas Practicality of using the Martian moons as a base for Mars exploration By using Phobos and Deimos as research bases, scientists will be able to "observe the Red Planet and launch robots to its surface, while shielded by miles of rock from cosmic rays and

Anxiety in Cancer Treatment: A Case Study

Anxiety in Cancer Treatment: A Case Study Case Study Celine Laurie Cyr-Martel Patient Presenting problem: Celine is a 25 year old female who presented to the emergency department (E.D.) with increased abdominal pain over the last 2 weeks. Patient recently completed chemotherapy and cancer treatment for intestinal cancer. Celine has been under increased stress due to her living situation and is concerned that her cancer has returned. She reports the pain is different than when she was initially diagnosed. She had an appointment with her oncologist on Monday, but by Friday night the pain was excruciating and she presented to the ED on Saturday morning. Background and demographics: Celine was born in a suburb of Maine, never knowing her biological father, was raised (a term she uses loosely), by her mother and resided with her mother and biological brother two years her senior. The patient reports most of her life, her mother was an addict. According to Celine, from an early age – which she reports as 5-10 years of age, she remembers her mother’s drug of choice as alcohol. When her maternal grandparents visited, the addiction was hidden. While Celine was in Junior high and high school, her mother’s drug of choice was cocaine. Celine reports her mother would make her steal either food or money. Celine was told that if she was caught, â€Å"nothing bad would happen.† Celine was fearful if she told anyone of the environment, the state would make her live in foster care. From ages 12-15, Celine found her mother clinically dead twice, Celine called 911 and her mother was revived. Both times, the mother entered rehab with the intention of becoming sober and clean. In those  times Celine stayed with her maternal grandparents. Her mother would â€Å"get clean† and  Celine and her brother would return home. Celine’s brother experienced a traumatic  brain injury his senior year in high school while riding an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATC). His home care fell to Celine. It was at this time Celine, who had just turned 16, was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. According to Celine, while she was going through Chemotherapy, her mother would steal her pain meds, leaving Celine to endure the pain. She was deemed in remission at the  age of 19 after a 3 year battle, the cancer returned last year at age 24. Celine completed high school as an above average student, but was unable to attend college due to increased anxiety. At the age of 21, Celine who was still living with her mother and acting as care taker, found her mother unconscious and called emergency services. Her mother was un able to be revived. Celine contacted the State at this time, to request help with her brother. According to Celine, the state was surprised to learn that no one had previously intervened. Celine moved into her own apartment and is currently on disability, due to her medical and anxiety concerns. Her brother lives in a group home setting, whom she visits seldom. Celine reports that in the last six months she has noticed increased anger and is working with her therapist to determine the reasons and rationale. The two scales used to determine intervention and resources for both the anxiety and the patients history of intestinal cancer were the GAD-7 (Lowe, Decker, Muller, Brahler, Schellberg, Herzog, Herzberg, 2008; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, Lowe, 2006) and the Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI-B) (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean-Pierre, Roscoe, Kirsh, Passik, 2011; Merluzzi, Nairn, Hedge, Martinez Sanchez, Dunn 2001; Merluzzi, Martinez Sanchez, 1997). Measurements CBI-B:The CBI-B is a shorter version of a previously well-established measure of the Cancer Behavior Inventory Long Version (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean-Pierre, Roscoe Kirsh 2011). The long version is a 33-item tool, developed to measure how well an individual copes with cancer. The long and short version of the CBI, measure items on a nine point scale from â€Å"not at all confident† to â€Å"totally confident.† The internal consistency in the longer version of 33 items produced a co-efficient of 0.94 and the test-retest for the 33 item CBI was 0.74 (Merluzzi, Nairn, Hedge, Martinez Sanchez, Dunn 2001; Merluzzi, Martinez Sanchez, 1997). As my interaction with this patient was limited due to the emergency department location, the patient agreed to participate using the shorter version, 12 item CBI-B. The Cronbach co-efficient of the 12 item version, indicated an internal consistency of .84, attained in three different samples (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean-Pierre, Roscoe, Kirsh 2011). Thus, the results in using this assessment indicate acceptable reliability to the degree to which the patient believes she is able to cope and maintain her health during her experience with cancer. The quality of life measures were also positively correlated with the negative correlations or depression and the impact of sickness, demonstrating the validity of the CBI-B (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean-Pierre, Roscoe, Kirsh 2011). Patients who believe they are able to cope with the illness are more apt to connect with the resources to face the multiple challenges of the disease. . GAD-7: Reviewing validity studies for the GAD-7, resulted in agreement this measurement tool is appropriate and validated for use in primary care (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, Lowe, 2006), those in a hospital program, (Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, Bjorgvinsson. 2013), and the general population (Lowe, Decker, Muller, Brahler, Schellberg, Herzog, Herzberg, 2008). Spitzer et al., (2008) used a large sample size (2982), and took into account ethnicities, age, education, and relationship status. The diversity and sample size allowed for various correlations, producing a Cronbach which resulted in a score of 0.92 indicating an excellent internal consistency. Within the general population, there is evidence to support the validity and the reliability of the GAD-7. Lowe et al., (2008) used a sample of 5,032 participants. The researchers assessed the construct validity by comparing scores of those diagnosed with general anxiety disorder in primary care settings, to the scores of those diagnosed wit h GAD in the general population. The internal consistency resulted in an acceptable 0.89. Although a smaller sample size of 232 was selected from a partial hospital program to measure the validity of the GAD-7 (Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, Bjorgvinsson 2013), the study concluded that due to the brevity, easy administration, that the GAD-7 had strong construct validity. The associations with self-esteem, depression, resilience and how satisfied a patient is with their life, demonstrated good reliability and construct validity within the GAD-7 in all three studies (Lowe et al., 2008; Spitzer et al., 2006; Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, Bjorgvinsson 2013). Administration: The CBI-B and the GAD-7 were administered twice; upon the initial assessment and the third contact. (The second contact was by phone to ascertain the results of her appointment with her oncologist. The patient advised that the results of her blood work was â€Å"looking positive.†) When initially administered, CBI-B score was 64. (Figure 1) The scores indicating the patient was able to maintain her abilities when confronting her disease, but not yet at a point where confidence was paramount. As the CBI-B was administered only twice, a wide variation in scores was not expected. The third contact, the patient agreed to meet in the conference room of the emergency department. I asked if this would be a hardship as her grandmother would be traveling three hours. The patient advised she had an appointment with her oncologist, and she wanted me to explain the measurement tools to her grandmother. Results of the second administration of the CBI-B was 91; (Figure II) indicating an increase in self efficacy within two weeks. The initial score from the GAD-7 was 19 (Figure III) indicating severe anxiety. The patient is currently being treated for her anxiety, so the elevated score was not a surprise to this practitioner. However, the patient was concerned as she had been working on decreasing her anxiety with her current therapist. The patient was hesitant to take the GAD-7 the second time as she was apprehensive it might not change. Upon taking the second test, (Figure IV) the patients score actually resulted in positive news for Celine decreasing by 5 points. Scores: The patient attributed the positive change in the scores for both the GAD -7 and the CBI-B as a result of relocation to her maternal grandparent’s home on the coast of Maine where she was close to the ocean able to use her photography and find â€Å"peace in her heart.† As evident in the CBI-B, relaxation, coping, consolation, and having some-one whom she could share her concerns and feelings. These scores had increased. The patient advises that she has been able to use the breathing techniques when she begins to feel overwhelmed. The decrease in the anxiety scores may also be correlated to the relocation, support systems, access to hobbies. Although, the patient’s score still borders on severe, her future outlook presents as positive when speaking of her living situation. Celine admits to worry about her cancer, but believes she will continue to improve. Celine’s passion has always been with the artistic realm. Her grandparents have become involved in Celine’s life. They live three hours away on the coast of Maine. Celine finds solace at the ocean. The Grandparents purchased a camera for Celine two years prior. She currently takes photographs of nature, her grandfather makes the frames for the pictures and they are sold at fairs. Celine advises a few of her pictures have been placed in the reception area of a local hospital. Discussion: Both measurement tools used with this patient were of great validity in the emergency department setting. As there is not always a chance to follow up with patients, I was fortunate to gather information not just from the tool itself, but the patient’s reactions, participation, and discussion when using the measurement tools. Follow up with her therapist would be paramount to continue addressing the anxiety. The patient advises she will be attempting to locate another therapist closer to her grandmother. We were able to locate several therapists in a nearby town. The young woman’s resiliency may be the result of the hardships already endured at a young age. According to Merluzzi Martinez Sanchez (1997), social supports, whether perceived or actual are positively correlated to self-efficacy. {The second and final meeting resulted in opening a dialogue between the patient and her grandmother}. Celine began an on line class for photography and is hopeful to cr eate her own business. The two chosen measurements correlated well together. The ability to regulate ones affect, adapt to the negatively of cancer, and express those thoughts, the more positive the outcome (Merluzzi, et al., 2001). If the therapist can continue to address the anxiety in terms of self-efficacy, it is possible that Celine will continue to increase her good health.

Allen Ginsberg and American Protest Literature Essay -- American Protes

BUNEA VALENTIN LEONARD GROUP 3A, ENGLISH-AMERICAN STUDIES ALLEN GINSBERG,  ¡Ã‚ §HOWL ¡Ã‚ ¨ AND THE LITERATURE OF PROTEST   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allen Ginsberg (1926-1997) was an important figure in the Beat Generation Movement that took place right before the revolutionary American 60 ¡Ã‚ ¦s. Other major beat writers (also called  ¡Ã‚ §beatnicks ¡Ã‚ ¨) were: Gregory Corso, Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs. The beat poetry was meant to be oral and very effective in readings. It developed out of poetry readings in underground clubs.(a beautiful image of these secret clubs can be found in the movie called  ¡Ã‚ §Dead Poet ¡Ã‚ ¦s Society ¡Ã‚ ¨ with Robin Williams playing the main character). Some argued that it was the grandparent of rap music. The term  ¡Ã‚ §Beat Generation ¡Ã‚ ¨ was coined by Kerouac in the fall of the 1948 in New York City. The word  ¡Ã‚ §beat ¡Ã‚ ¨ referred loosely to their shared sense of spiritual exhaustion and diffuse feelings of rebellion against what they experienced as the general conformity, hypocrisy and materialism of a larger society around them caught up i n he unprecedented prosperity of postwar America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The beat poetry was the most anticanon form of literature in the United States. The poetry is a cry of pain and rage, a howl at what the poets see as the loss of America ¡Ã‚ ¦s innocence and as a tragic waste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allen Ginsberg was born in Newark, New Jersey. His parents were second generation Russian- Jewish immigrants, left-wing radicals interested in Marxism, nudism, feminism, generally in the modern revolutionary ideas of his times. This background certainly did influence his evolution as a revolutionary poet. His father, Louis Ginsberg, was a teacher and a poet, whose work was published in New York Times. During Ginsberg ¡Ã‚ ¦s childhood, his mother, Naomi Ginsberg, started to suffer from paranoia. She was institutionalized and eventually lobotomized. She died in an asylum in 1956. her life is the subject one Allen ¡Ã‚ ¦s poem entitled  ¡Ã‚ §Kaddish ¡Ã‚ ¨ and which was written as a compensation of her funeral service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After he graduated a public high school, Ginsberg won a scholarship from Columbia University where he became a famous student, making friends with Williams Burroughs and Jack Kerouac. An... ...p;  Ã‚   Ginsberg ¡Ã‚ ¦s style is not disciplined, but based on a spontaneous utterance of ideas, violating all the current artistic canons, provoking a literary and social scandal. The powerful  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  representations of the urban realities, of the language and matter of the urban streets were meant to induce powerful reactions of the reader. He brought the culture down to the level of streets and neighborhoods. That ¡Ã‚ ¦s why the language and the images are obscene, including symbolism and direct references to oral and anal sex, homosexuality and drug use. We can even say that the form of the poem seems to be a self exploration, shaped after his own life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What Ginsberg manages to do is to freely express his attitudes the way they overwhelm him: defiance, longing, terror, hysteria, prayer, anger, joy, exhaustion, culminating with madness and suicide. BIBLIOGRAPHY: „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.sparknotes.com „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.questia.com „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE-  ¡Ã‚ §OUTLINE OF AMERICAN LITERATURE ¡Ã‚ ¨ „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NORTON ANTHOLOGY

Islam and Ramadan Essay

Ramadan in Britain during the early Eighties, when I was growing up, was very different from the way it is now. There was no awareness of the rotating month of fasting in the Islamic calendar, no flexibility to working hours, no facility for prayer in offices and no calls for prayer on television. For one month every year, my family and I would undertake this annual Islamic duty furtively, tip-toeing around for the pre-dawn meal for fear of waking up the neighbours with the kitchen clatter, and reluctant to talk about the practice for fear of censure or mockery. Four decades on, Ramadan is marked far more openly in Britain. Some employers are offering flexi-time to those Muslims who, from this week, will undertake a daily fast for 30 consecutive days that will involve around 19 hours of abstention from all food and drink – from sunrise to sunset. Some firms are allowing Muslims to begin their working day later, so they can catch up on sleep after waking up at 3am to eat, and to end their shifts earlier, so that they are not working when they are physically weakened. The Eid festival that marks the end of Ramadan is also increasingly celebrated in public venues around the country, including Trafalgar Square in London. Channel 4 announced last week that it would broadcast one out of five â€Å"calls for prayer† during the month-long fasting period. The channel called it a deliberately â€Å"provocative† act that would, it hoped, challenge prejudices that link Islam to extremism. It is not just Ramadan that has received a PR boost in recent times but fasting itself. In the early days of fasting – at school and then at university – I was often warned by well-wishers of the danger I might be putting my body under and that abstaining from eating and drinking water for long hours could do me harm. Now, fasting seems to have been reinvented as the ancients saw it – a way of giving the body a rest, cleansing both physically and spiritually, and a way of sharpening our collective sense of self-restraint. These objectives are being resurrected in our obesity-riddled Western world, with its binge culture, its childhood obesity and its addictions to food. Dr Michael Mosley’s Horizon investigation in 2012, which studied the effects of intermittent fasting, and in which he fasted two days out of every week (living on 600 calories during his fasting days) spawned the popularity of the 5:2 diet. Dr Mosley presented medical evidence for the life-extending and life-improving benefits of fasting on the human body, though this is still contentious territory in the scientific and nutritional community. Even grander claims came from American scientists last year who said that fasting for regular periods could help protect the brain against degenerative illness. Researchers at the National Institute on Ageing in Baltimore found evidence that a severe reduction of calorie intake for one or two days a week could protect the brain from the most detrimental effects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Aside from the health benefits, there are ethical reasons for fasting, too, even for the most irreligious amongst us. Steven Poole, in his book, You Aren’t What You Eat: Fed Up With Gastroculture, argues compellingly against the recent explosion of â€Å"foodie culture† in Britain, in which food has become a self-indulgent, status-bound and profligate middle-class pastime. Celebrity chefs are now worshipped, he says, and people post pictures of their meals on Facebook. â€Å"Western civilisation is eating itself stupid,† Poole writes. â€Å"The literary and visual rhetoric of food in our culture has become decoupled from any reasonable concern for nutrition or environment.† It is naà ¯ve to think that a few hours of abstinence will harm the majority of the overweight population in the West, though of course, those with certain ailments such as heart conditions or diabetes should avoid fasting on medical grounds (and are exempt from the obligation of Ramadan). After all, hundreds of thousands of people across the world have access to only one meal at best, and limited water, yet they live on. Mohammed Shafiq, founding member of the Ramadhan Foundation, believes that the persistent hunger and weakness of religious fasting may slow us down but it also increases our compassion for those who have been weakened physically in some way. â€Å"During Ramadan, you understand how someone feels when they live in a place with no food or water.† In this sense, there are gains to be made for the soul and its expanded capacity for empathy. Fasting leads us to think about our bodies, their dependencies and their frailties, as well as those of our fellow men and women. And that’s not a bad thing.

How to Write a Scene The Ultimate 8-Step Guide

How to Write a Scene The Ultimate 8-Step Guide 8 Steps to Writing a Perfect Scene- Every Time You know how complex writing a novel can be. You not only have to come up with a great premise, engaging characters, high stakes, and conflict that pushes the protagonist toward his goal, but you must also learn how write a scene that compels readers- and fill your book with them. That is a lot harder than some think. Many writers spend a moment thinking up a vignette but give little regard to the scene’s purpose. While a checklist can help analyze the structure, it doesn’t address the process. Need help writing your novel?Click here to download Jerrys ultimate 12-step guide. Positioning First: scene types vary depending on where each is placed over the span of a novel. Opening Scenes should be loaded with character and set up your premise. That’s where you want to slip in important bits of backstory. Middle Scenes carry complications, twists, and raise the stakes. Climactic Scenes should build to a riveting climax, so they might be shorter and packed with action and emotion. Genre Second: there’s no â€Å"one size fits all† template for a perfect scene. The kind of novel you’re writing also dictates the style, length, and structure of a scene, so study novels in your genre. How to Write a Scene Using My 8-StepProcess Progressive steps to help you write that perfect scene: 1. Identify Its Purpose Here’s where too many writers flounder. You’ve likely heard that a scene should either advance the plot, reveal character, or both. Good advice but vague. You want strong pacing, showing rather than telling, and to create empathy for your protagonist. Plus, you want mystery and conflict in every scene to keep readers turning the pages. So, the purpose of the scene is key. In life, things happen, we react, process what happened, and decide on new action. So it’s action-reaction-process-decide-new action. Write one sentence that encapsulates that for each scene. For instance, a scene I’m working on for my new historical Western romance marks the midpoint of my novel. Its purpose is to show my hero, Buck, losing control and scaring the heroine, Angela. I fix that in my mind and make sure every element of my scene serves that purpose. If you can’t identify the purpose for your scene, throw it out and come up with one that works. 2. Identify the High Moment This occurs near the end of a scene, maybe even in the last line. Why? Because most of your scenes should mimic overall novel structure, with a beginning, middle, climax, and ending. Of course, a scene could effectively â€Å"hang† at the end, to add tension and propel the reader into the next scene. The high moment in my midpoint scene comes when Buck goes crazy in an attempt to keep Angela safe. I had established that she is terrified of snakes, and the scene begins just before they run into a mess of rattlers. The high moment is Angela screaming as the snakes strike. Buck shoots his rifle, then slashes in fury at the critters with his knife. I end the scene with Buck a man possessed and Angela more frightened of his behavior than she is of the snakes. This crucial step in the process reveals the ultimate purpose of your scene. 3. Emphasize Conflict: Inner and Outer A great novel will have conflict on every page, sometimes inner, other times outer. Or both. But you don’t want meaningless conflict, such as two people arguing over what type of coffee to order- unless that specific argument reveals something important that advances the plot or exposes a key bit of character. Think of ways to ramp up conflict to the highest stakes possible. Too few writers do this. Every scene- even thoughtful, â€Å"processing† ones- should convey tension, inner conflict, and high stakes. You don’t need explosive action to have conflict. My rattlesnake scene carries obvious outer conflict: man against snakes. But if that were all, the scene would be lacking. The deeper conflict is Angela’s inner angst over Buck’s violent streak. She has resisted falling for him, so this incident creates super-high conflict between them, as Buck’s behavior pushes her away. He intends to show courage and his desire to protect her, but it backfires. 4. Accentuate Character Change Writing instructor James Scott Bell says, â€Å"Every scene should have a death†- of a dream, a relationship, or a plan. Literary agent Donald Maass encourages writers to consider how a point-of-view (POV) character feels before a scene starts and how she feels when the scene ends. Your character should be changed by what happens. That change can be subtle or huge. It can involve a change of opinion, or it could be a monumental personality shift. But change must occur. Why? Because, for the story to advance, decisions must be made and action instigated. Every event in your novel should impact your characters and foment change. But it must be significant and serve the plot. How will Angela change by the end of the snake scene? Before the scene, she was falling in love. Now, her feelings have been squashed. She wants to flee back to NY. Buck drastically changes too. He’s also shocked at the violent streak he fears he’s inherited from his father (who murdered Buck’s ma). Though he loves Angela, he believes he can never let himself get close to any woman because he will hurt her. 5. Determine POV Who is the best character through whom the reader should experience this scene? With novels solely in the protagonist’s POV, this isn’t an issue. But for novels in shifting third person, with more than one perspective character, you need to decide whose POV you’ll portray in each scene. You may find it easier to choose your POV character when you determine the purpose of your scene. Or the POV choice may become obvious. In romance novels it’s common to alternate between hero and heroine, so each gets a turn filtering the scene through their POV. To decide whose POV to choose, ask yourself: Who has the most to lose or gain in the scene? Who will react strongest emotionally? Who will change the most? Whose reaction would most impact the plot? 6. Leave Out Boring Stuff And the on-the-nose stuff no one wants to read. Start your scene in the middle of the action, a bit before you build to the high moment, and you’ll avoid pages of unimportant narrative. Inject important backstory but not at the expense of the present action. Cut anything that doesn’t serve your scene’s purpose. Make every word count. 7. Perfect Beginnings and Endings It’s not just your novel’s first line that has to hook readers. Every scene promises to entertain your reader, to enthrall, to evoke emotion. You must make good on those promises. Study best-selling novels in your genre to see how adept authors create strong scene openings and riveting scene endings. A scene’s last paragraph and closing line should ratchet up the conflict and underscore character transformation. What about symbolism or motif? In my scene, by the end, the snakes become to Angela a symbol or image of Buck. One minute they’re silent, unmoving, and the next, they erupt in a violent attack. Beneath that calm exterior, Buck is poised to strike. 8. Inject Texture and Sensory Details While some writers stuff scenes with too much detail, most tend to underwrite sensory specifics. This step in this scene-crafting process involves combing through your draft and bringing scenes to life with vivid detail that engages your reader’s senses. Your goal is to paint enough of a picture to help your reader see the scene as if on the big screen. Too much detail is boring, as are details that don’t reveal anything important. Scenes serve as the framework of your novel and shouldn’t be thrown together. Use this 8-step method every time, and you’re sure to succeed. To help, I’ve created a worksheet you can download and print. What are your biggest challenges when youre deciding how to write a scene? Does this process make sense? What would you add to the process? The guest blogger: C. S. Lakin is a novelist, copyeditor, writing coach, mom, and backpacker. She blogs about writing at Live Write Thrive, and specializes in manuscript critiques. Get a free copy of her book Writing the Heart of Your Story when you join her novel-writing fast track mailing list here. Need help writing your novel?Click here to download Jerrys ultimate 12-step guide.

Free Essays on Motors And Generators

Electric Motors and Generators, group of devices used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or electrical energy into mechanical energy, by electromagnetic means. A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a generator, alternator, or dynamo, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor. Two related physical principles underlie the operation of generators and motors. The first is the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered in 1831 by the British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday. If a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, or if the strength of a magnetic field passing through a stationary conducting loop is made to vary, a current is set up or â€Å"induced† in the conductor. The converse of this principle is that of electromagnetic reaction, first observed by the French physicist Andrà © Marie Ampà ¨re in 1820. If a current is passed through a conductor located in a magnetic field, the field exerts a mechanical force on it. The simplest of all dynamoelectric machines is the disc dynamo developed by Faraday. It consists of a copper disc that is mounted so that part of the disc, from the centre to the edge, is between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. When the disc is rotated a current is induced between the centre of the disc and its edge by the action of the field of the magnet. The disc can be made to operate as a motor by applying a voltage between the edge of the disc and its centre, causing the disc to rotate because of the force produced by magnetic reaction. Generally, in larger machines, electromagnets are employed. Both motors and generators consist of two basic units: the field, which is the electromagnet with its coils; and the armature, which is the structure supporting the conductors that cut the magnetic field and carry the induced current in a generator, or the exciting current in a motor. The armature is usually a... Free Essays on Motors And Generators Free Essays on Motors And Generators Electric Motors and Generators, group of devices used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or electrical energy into mechanical energy, by electromagnetic means. A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a generator, alternator, or dynamo, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor. Two related physical principles underlie the operation of generators and motors. The first is the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered in 1831 by the British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday. If a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, or if the strength of a magnetic field passing through a stationary conducting loop is made to vary, a current is set up or â€Å"induced† in the conductor. The converse of this principle is that of electromagnetic reaction, first observed by the French physicist Andrà © Marie Ampà ¨re in 1820. If a current is passed through a conductor located in a magnetic field, the field exerts a mechanical force on it. The simplest of all dynamoelectric machines is the disc dynamo developed by Faraday. It consists of a copper disc that is mounted so that part of the disc, from the centre to the edge, is between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. When the disc is rotated a current is induced between the centre of the disc and its edge by the action of the field of the magnet. The disc can be made to operate as a motor by applying a voltage between the edge of the disc and its centre, causing the disc to rotate because of the force produced by magnetic reaction. Generally, in larger machines, electromagnets are employed. Both motors and generators consist of two basic units: the field, which is the electromagnet with its coils; and the armature, which is the structure supporting the conductors that cut the magnetic field and carry the induced current in a generator, or the exciting current in a motor. The armature is usually a...

Meiosis; Asexual and Sexual Reproduction; History of Genetics; Assignment

Meiosis; Asexual and Sexual Reproduction; History of Genetics; - Assignment Example Meiosis The process of meiosis is divided into two segments; Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I is similar to mitosis and consists of Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I and Telophase I. When the first division comes to an end, there is the formation of two daughter cells and each contains 23 chromosomes and has undergone crossing over. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes. Meiosis II consists of the same stages. However the end stage produces four daughter cells each having a different genetic make-up. All four cells convert into sperms in males while in females only one matures as egg or ovum. As mentioned earlier, meiosis plays a very important role in sexual reproduction by causing genetic variations in the offspring. It reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cells which are egg and sperm, collectively called as gametes or sex cells. Because of this reduction each cell contains only one set each. A process of independent assortment takes place where each allele gets different chromosome varying at any specific locus. Secondly, it also allows crossing-over which results in genetic mix-up between the two parental chromosomes and we see genetic variations in the offspring. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is defined as a type of reproduction where the organism produces an exact copy of itself without any genetic variation or involvement of any other individual. Different organisms reproduce asexually in various manners. For instance bacteria reproduce by binary fission and the yeast by budding. Fragmentation, spore formation and vegetative reproduction are some other forms of asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction, on the other hand, is a process where two parent organisms create an offspring that has a combination of genetic material from both the parents. Most of the animals and plants reproduce sexually. However there are certain organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually like star fish, sea anemones, slime molds and aphids. Organisms that reproduce asexually can create descendents in large numbers but since the offspring have very few DNA variations they are all equally vulnerable to diseases. However sexually reproducing organisms undergo genetic variations and the species are stronger in withstanding the harsh environment. The sexual organisms also produce lesser amount of offspring. Because of this reason the organisms that reproduce through both ways, switch towards sexual reproduction under unfavorable conditions. This helps them in acquiring the genetic variations that facilitate them in adapting to the surroundings. However sexual reproduction is an energy requiring process in contrast to asexual reproduction which requires minimal amount of energy. To explain the extensive use of sexual reproduction by organisms, George C. Williams used the example of lottery tickets. Sexual reproduction is like buying few tickets of different numbers which increases the chance of winning. While asexual is like buying loads of tickets with same numbers. This theory is not considered now because of newfound evidences. History of Genetics History of genetics can be traced back to 1866 when the work of Gregor Johann Mendel on pea was pu blished and his theory was recognized as Mendelian Inheritance. He was the first to study the genetic inheritance patterns in the peas and the fact that they followed a certain rule. After this breakthrough in the world of genetics different such theories came into sight. One considerable work was done in 1900 by Hugo de Varies, Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak and was

Management Skills in Adult Nursing Essay (4000 word reflection is to

Management Skills in Adult Nursing (4000 word reflection is to enable to develop a deeper, critical understanding of the development of knowledge and skill in Management) - Essay Example In order to improve my practice, I will reflect on this incident, and address issues of effective discharge planning, communication, and handover. The themes I will consider for this topic would follow the various questions raised by Johns’ reflective model. This model is meant to be implemented by sharing with fellow practitioners or with a mentor, which then transforms the learning to a faster pace. Johns’ model emphasizes the value of experienced knowledge as well as the power of the practitioner to access and implement information which has been secured via empirical processes (Grech, 2004). More specific themes on discharge planning, communication, and handover shall be incorporated into the text. The critical and analytical aspects of this discussion shall flow from the reflective process, with an evaluation of the specific actions based on standards of the practice (Callara, 2008). The scenario under evaluation involves the discharge of Patient X, a 65 year old male patient who recently underwent hip hemiarthroplasty surgery. During the discharge planning process, there were several orders which I was not sure how to implement. One of the discharge orders indicated that I needed to refer the patient to the rehabilitation ward for physiotherapy and occupational therapy, and that I needed to refer the patient to a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist, and arrange future schedules for therapy. Discharge orders also indicated that I needed to recommend an appropriate health and diet plan for the patient. Health and diet plans for elderly patients, especially those who have recently suffered hip fractures must be established because these elderly patients are prone to possible re-injury (Beaupre, et.al., 2005). Beaupre, et.al., (2005) discussed that the hip fracture would likely limit the mobility or elderly

London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

London - Essay Example It augmented its populace from one million to six million in the twentieth century, and in this period, London became an international political, economic, and transaction center (Dickinson 2008, p. 78). In this condition, it was largely unchallenged until the later times of the century, when Paris and New York City started to bully its governance. However, as the city expanded in terms of richness as Britain’s property grew, London was also a city of scarcity where a significant number of people lived in congested and unhygienic areas during the 19th century. Nevertheless, the city was changed by the development of the railways (Porter 2004, p.45). A new system of municipal railways permitted the formation of outskirts in adjacent districts from which mid class and rich individuals could travel to the center. As this increased the massive outward expansion of the city, the development of greater London also exacerbated to the division of class as the rich people shifted to th e outskirts, abandoning the underprivileged to occupy the innermost city area. During the 19th century, there were various impacts that were experienced in London as a result of economic forces. For instance, being a vibrant city, long-standing jobs were altered, as new ones increased. The number of professions increased including civil engineers, clerks as well as accountants among others (Hosmer 2009, p.86). This new group, starting from the lower to the upper middle class, pushed its way between the customary skilled worker and the world of investment; it was a great overwhelming team and they offered the city much of its social and economic charisma. In the 19th century, traders who were not the most significant political team had to share privileges and power with the noble court, administration and social as well as political officials because London was not an developed focus like Manchester (Divall 2003, p. 80). The customary manufacturing section in London included the fact ory that hired the experts of the London, primarily, crafts worker in these plants who mass-produced diversity of products. However, in the beginning of the 19th century, the industrialized uprising enforced a shift to manufacturing of extravagance and user products for homegrown marketplaces. On the other hand, social and technological forces in London during the 19th century also affected differently on the lives of people; for instance, for the manual workers, industry and technology led to significant blessings in disguise (Littlefield 2012, p.42). This is because some laborers viewed their old-fashioned artisan abilities being lost as technology replaced them. A case in point was the introduction of iron shipbuilding resulted into a reduction in demand for the woodworking abilities of shipwrights. On the contrary, other people were more luck and had job opportunities established for them. For instance, the construction of the railway offered jobs for a significant number of unt rained workers as they excavated channels and cuttings or hauled away the wreckages from castigating channels in places (Christl 2009, p. 56). Accordingly, the engineers of the period of railway construction were also responsible for developing completely new talents to conquer individuals during the course of their working time. Despite the fact that, the old ship construction trades may have endured the introduction

Types of Services Offred by Bank Essay Example for Free

Types of Services Offred by Bank Essay (The Economic Times (India) Via Thomson Dialog NewsEdge)Banks offer the following services to account holders at their specified branches multi-city / Payable at Par (PAP) cheque facility, anywhere banking facility, trade services, phone banking facility, internet banking facility, credit card, debit/ATM card, mobile banking and Real Time Gross Settlement. Foreign banks are expanding the number of products on offer, their complexity such as derivatives, leverage financing. Doorstep banking facilities are being offered by some of these banks to cater to convenience lifestyle of its customers. Private banks are extending services including wealth management and equity trading apart from credit cards. How do banks price their services? The pricing mechanism is dependent on client relationship and the nature of the transaction. The pricing can be arrived at by profiling customers into different segments. The large corporate segment comprises of the bulk and large value transactions. This segment is characterised by multiple service relationships. The pricing in this segment is transaction based and depends on the size of transactions and on the banks relationship with the corporate. Hence, the pricing is decided on a one to one basis and public. The other segments comprise the brokers, small and medium enterprises (SME), other banks and the retail segment. In each of these cases, the pricing is not made public and is determined on the basis of the nature of the transaction and the banks relationship with the client, on a one to one basis. Typically, high volumes and low value characterise the SME segment. Therefore the pricing for this segment differs from that of the large corporates. Similarly the pricing for the banks is very different. In the retail segment, the bank publishes its tariff. How do services contribute to the banks income? Increasingly banks are witnessing a growth in their non-interest or fee-based incomes. With interest spreads decreasing, banks have little option but to ramp up their revenues from fee-based income. Fee-based income constitutes a major portion of a banks other income. The ratio of other income to total income is an indicator of the size of fee-based income. Treasury incomes of public sector banks are no longer the major revenue driver and have been coming down as a result of rising interest rates. Volatility of interest rates are compelling banks to increase their fee based income. What is non-fund based income? The non-fund based income comprises of revenues from both financial commitment and services rendered. Financial commitment includes guarantees, letters of credit and bankers acceptances etc. The fees charged may vary from bank to bank and is dependant on the relationship of the bank with the client and the size of the transaction. On the other hand, the revenues from services rendered include fees from funds transfer and enabling services like ATM, internet banking etc. The revenues from funds transfer come from corporate services such as cash management, foreign exchange remittances and from retail services including drafts, pay orders etc. Which is the most important component for the fee-based income of banks? The cash management business contributes to banks fee based revenue stream in a major way. The cash management business comprises four types of services including collection of outstation cheques, disbursement of outstation cheques, payment of dividends, interest, and refunds and e-business. The tariff differs depending on the volumes, the banks profitability and the banks relationship with the client. As a proportion of the total fee based income, cash management is the most important component. The other streams of income like auto loans, personal loans, loans against shares among others are residual. When did RBI grant freedom to banks to prescribe service charges? Indian Banks Association (IBA) has dispensed with the practice of prescribing service charges to be levied by banks for various services rendered by them. With effect from September 1999, the Reserve Bank has granted freedom to banks to prescribe service charges with the approval of respective board of directors. Why is RBI taking note of different service charges levied by banks? RBI has been receiving representations from the public about unreasonable and non-transparent service charges being levied by the banks. The RBI has directed the banks to display and update on their web sites, offices and branches, the details of the charges pre-scribed by them for various services. It has advised the banks to display the charges in specified formats. The display may also be in local language. Hitherto, it was left to the banks to fix charges consistent with the cost of providing these services and also to ensure that customers with low value/volume of transactions were not penalised.

Organisational Equality and Diversity: Māori and Non-Māori

Organisational Equality and Diversity: MÄ ori and Non-MÄ ori Lonita M. Tejano INTRODUCTION According to Lis Ellison-Loschmann (April 2006), outlined the benefits of health care status of the native peoples worldwide relevant to the underlying historical, socio-economic and political processes. The Maoris and non-Maoris health care status in the time of colonization by the British in New Zealand. The differences involve a variety factors in terms of accessibility of health care and racism. Improvement to the access to care is critical to address health disparities and increased information of Maoris and non-Maoris in terms of primary and secondary health care services. Alternatively according to the recent study Lis Ellison- Loschmann (April 2006) they use 2 principles on how Maori people improved their health care services seeking to improve health and quality of life for Maoris. According to Ramsden (1997), health status of indigenous peoples a variety factors that effect of historical, political, and social characteristics of environments their relation with the nonindig enous populations of the countries they lived. They direct on the health concepts of this common society in the effects on Maori health care services assemble in regard to their attitudes toward and social life of non-Maori population. Based on Lis Ellison-Loschmann (2006 April) outlined the benefits of life expectancy in New Zealand in this two group of people. They have a big impact in health care promoting and minimizing the indifferences that has been observed and seen by the researchers lately. According to Lis Ellison- Loschmann (2006 April) observed that Maori health in the country of New Zealand’s during the British colonization can give information in health status between the Maori ad non-Maori indifference. The government play the important role to access health care facility. The government provide two possible principle on how to promote the quality and easy way to access health care for the indigenous people firstly, how to develop the health care principle to the services secondly, and initiation of cultural safety education. BODY In a recent study, King (2003) showed that the Treaty of Waitangi and settlement that the Maoris in Aotearoa from the Pacific about 1000 years ago. According to Pool (1991) informing maybe a hundred of indigenous people arrived in New Zealand on the period of time some stories said that subsequent settlement patterns and become larger population from different version of information like verbal information and demographics recording. The expedition of James cook’s in 1769 the first encounter recorded to the Maori people and European settlers to New Zealand. Meanwhile, during the signing of Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 there was a written agreement between the Maori people protection of interest for the invaders and British settlements and they gather together with some of the Maori chiefs and representative of British crown. In this time there was 80 000 Maori population and 2000 settlers. After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi a huge group of British immigrant and Maori population become decreased and settlers doubled the population. In 1901 New Zealand population significantly reduced to 770 313 settlers whereas the Maoris by 16.5:1.3. Based on Purie (1998) indicated that the British settlers introducing to the Maori people like the infectious diseases and the usage of guns there is major impact to mortality rates to Maoris population. Furthermore, historically the socioeconomic of Maori mortality rate after invading New Zealand the most important thing the Maoris’ loss of land, mortality rate increased from the disease to the extent among those indigenous peoples who wanted to keep their lands. By this time there was a big changes to their economic status like food supplies, and social networking as a whole country. According to Purie(1998) observed that from the land confiscation from the Maori population there was a huge impact of the legislation law like the Maori rights not used language in school as Maori which lead to disparities to health in Maori society. Based to Te Ropu Rangahau a Euro Pomare (2000) found that it has been argument that has been continued a differences in indigenous and non-Maori i n health care sectors and rights of indigenous community not being treated and protected by the said treaty of social, cultural, economic, and political factors cannot be noticed in terms contributory to their health care status as a whole. However, the Maori self-determinant to seek help for health. Based on Pool (1991) in addition to that, Maori health status in New Zealand the government started implementing health care services to Maori community provide services like health promotion programs, health inspectors to work and help gradually to the economy recovery. At this time decreases in mortality rate due to implementation of national health care scheme and community welfare system by the given year 1938 through the treatment methods. Maori community lived in rural areas then they moved to urban for employment opportunities in these areas subsequently led to big population to urban migration. According to Pool (1991) indicated that significantly changes in this country’s economy from their usual way of life like cultivating lands to producing manufactured goods. Due to According to Kunitz (1994) life span significantly increased among native groups of people in this country and western world including neighboring country like Australia, whole part of Unites States of America and Canada on this given time. In comparison of the nonindigenous populations of these countries. During this period of time population become reduced due to diseases like respiratory from the changing of weather, tuberculosis and hepatitis, heart diseases due sedentary lifestyles and diabetes, different types of cancer and accident like vehicular injuries due to reckless driving much higher among Maoris than non-Maoris. A recent study (Ajwani, Blakely, Robson, Tobias Bonne, 2003) mortality rates decreased as a period of time, in regard to the differences between the two groups of people in New Zealand still the same. Based on Te Ropu Rangahau Hanuora (2000) an explanations for health disparities are numbered and said not being equal in terms of health among the two groups of people in New Zealand some said that inequalities is that genetic underlying factors influenced. Nevertheless, not significantly to race and ethnic group that genetic factors about 85%. There are factors contributed to the disparities between Maori and non-Maori like lifestyle in each individual group, the socioeconomic like not having a good job and proper place to live and easy access to health care facility and racism. The explanations are not significant but it is useful to consider them as a precipitating factors that influenced that they linked together. The first studies to help to determine the significant role of socio-economic factors and health status in two group of people there was a research about the mortality rate in men at aged of 15-64 years. Based on Sporle, Pearce, Davis (2002) found that in the most recent years researchers said that Maori men doubled the figure unlikely to non-Maori men at the very young age maybe due to socioeconomic status as a whole and ethnical social community differs the mortality rate among this group of men. A good example the level assessments of socioeconomic deprivation by the usage of census data by the New Zealand deprivation Index. Russell, Parnell, Wilson (1999) found that smoking is a lifestyle factors that can lead to socioeconomic influence to health status. Furthermore, give more importance to consider the difference between Maori and non-Maori in their own lifestyles. The latest survey by the national said that Maori smoke tobacco is higher rate than non-Maoris (53% vs. 20%).Maori men and women are obese and they have some diseases like hypertension due to sedentary lifestyles. According to Lurie (2004) observed that the access to health care is very important role to decrease mortality rate of Maori the root of this ailments promoting effective health care accessible to this group of people. In this idea access to health has been described in terms of both â€Å"access to† and â€Å"access through† health care principles making a quality of health care services that being taken by. United States of America developed a framework for measuring disparities to access health care need of people and promoting quality of service that will includes broader environmental and societal factors example is racism that can effect to access to health care needs. A recent study (Sporle et al., 1991) found that in past 20 years being discriminated and racist is very alarming in health care settings tendency minority people will not seek health care services in the primary health care facility . The Maori Asthma reported that those educated and an educated health care workers to the illness contributed to the Maori people reluctant to seek medical care for their illness until if necessary. According to Krieger (2003) observed that Maori has bad experience first encounters with health care professionals and disempowerment like to access the checking blood sugar to distinguish diabetes diseases. According to Matherson (1992) in addition, to change in health environment to New Zealand’s country the government formulated in 1930s to provide free medical care given by working medical professionals. Thus, health care system specified subsidiary to a government facility services with a secondary care controlled funding whilst in primary care funded by individual doctors. However, Maori initiates concerned on how to promote health care access to their peoples firstly, to provide Maori health care services secondly, the development of cultural safety education. The Maori health care provider’s initiative beyond the services implemented. When the time which being implemented there was a problem with budget of the government funding. In 1991 health reforms being implemented to the development of Maori health care services provider. Blaiklock AJ., Ciro A., Davenfort E., Hassal IB.,Low W., they make reforms of health care and social services that can give more gap in ineq uality as a result of self-determination regarding to education, employment of the individual, types of housing and health status. In addition to that health reforms for Maori effect to health especially the children. According to Ramsden (2002) observed that cultural safety education is playing a golden role of Maoris health care services improvement like cultural safety being implemented to protect the health care professionals and evaluate the relationship between Maori community. Nursing and Midwifery body required Nurses and midwifery to take the registration examination in New Zealand. International Council of Nurses implemented the guidelines for cultural safety for nursing student and to practice all in 118 councils. CONCLUSION Therefore I conclude, disparities in health care status between Maoris and non-Maoris contributed most likely in British colonization in New Zealand. For the past 140 years ago there was an improvement as evidenced by the overall gap in life span between the two groups of people in New Zealand. Even though their differences include the variety influences in regard to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and discrimination to seek health care delivery system. Maori society implement to improve health care access and have two principles to help between the development of Maori provider services and encouragement of the service through cultural safety education for the health care provider. It started with the people in the community how the response to the purpose like for instance the self-determinant of Maori community in health care services and to evaluate how to improve the health care services. The government of New Zealand provide organizations and cultural safety education an examples to initiates in the government policies that have been shown either for promotion or prevention to health status of indigenous peoples. REFERENCES Ajwani S, Blakely T, Robson B. Tobias M, Bonne M. Decades of Disparity: Ethnic Mortality Trends in New Zealand 1980-1999. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health; 2003. Blaiklock AJ, Ciro CA, Belgrave M. Low W, Davenport E, Hassall IB. When the Invisible Hand Books the Cradle: New Zealand Children in a Time of change. Florence, Italy: Innocenti, Research Centre; 2002. Working Paper 93. King M. The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books: 2003. Krieger N. Does racism harm health? Did child abuse exist before 1962? On explicit questions, critical science, and current controversies: an Eco social perspective. Am J Public Health. 2003; 93: 194-199. (PMC free article) (PubMed). Kuritz S J. Disease and Social Diversity: The European Impact on the Health of Non- Europeans. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc.; 1994. Lis Ellison- Loschmann, and Neil Pearce,: Improving Access to Health Care among New Zealand’s Maori Population. New Zealand. Doi: 10.2015/ AJPH. 2005.0707680 PMCID: PMC 1470538, Am J Public Health; 96 (4): 612-617, 2006. Lurie N. Measuring disparities in access to care. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309085195/html/1.html. Accessed January 8, 2004. Matheson D, ed. Health where it hurts: The story of the Newtown Union Health Science. Wellington, New Zealand: Roger Steele; 1992. Pool DI. Te iwi Maori: A New Zealand Population, Past, Present and Projected. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press; 1991. Purie M. Te Mana, te Kawanatanga: The Politics of Maori Self-Determination. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press Inc.; 1998. Ramsden I. Cultural Safety and Nursing Education in Aotearoa and Te Waipounamu (dissertation). Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University of Wellington; 2002. Ramsden I. Culture safety: Implementing Concept. The social force of nursing and midwifery. In: Te Whaiti P, McCarthy M, Durie A, eds. Mai Rangiatea: Maori Wellbeing and Development. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press; 1997: 113-125. Russell D, Parnell W, Wilson N, et al. NZ food: NZ People. Key Results of the 1997 National Nutrition Survey. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health; 1999. Sporle A, Pearce N, Davis P. Social class mortality differences in Maori and non-Maori aged 15-64 during the last two decades N Z Med J. 2002 ; 115 : 127-131 ( Pub Med). Te Ropu Rangahau Haura a Euro Pomare. Counting for nothing: understanding the issues in monitoring disparities inn health. Soc Policy J N Z .2000; 14:1-16.

Analysis - Second to Last Paragraph in Flannery O’Connor’s A Late Encou

An Analysis of the Second to Last Paragraph in Flannery O’Connor’s A Late Encounter with the Enemy This essay analyzes the first full paragraph on page143 (the second to last paragraph in the story) that begins with â€Å"The speaker was through with that war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This passage appears to be what is going through ‘General’ Sash’s head right before he dies. The passage begins by saying â€Å"The speaker was through with that war and had gone onto the next one and now he was approaching another†. The general goes on to state that all his words are vaguely familiar. This is because he has lived through all of these wars and as the speaker mentions them they all go by in the General’s mind as blurred events of the past. The General calls the graduates passing by in their robes a â€Å"black processional†; th...

Dependence of man on the environment Essay

Three experiments were conducted during week two. The first was to determine how many contaminates that we put into our water supply will reach our groundwater. The conclusion that I arrived at was, that there are still large remnants of contaminates in the groundwater supply after it has had a chance to be passed through soil. We emulated this affect by using smaller amounts of contaminates such as oil, vinegar and laundry detergent. Put them in a smaller amounts of water and then passed them though soil. Introduction In the introduction, I will list the problems with our world’s water sources. Contained in the articles written by: The Natural Resources Defense Council. Water. These sources go on to state problems that we are facing as a population with our water quality. Some of these problems are large amounts of water waste, the large cities that are going to face a climate change that will alter their dependence on water. They also note that dirty water is the worldâ€⠄¢s largest health risk and it continues to threaten the quality of life and the public health in the United States. The first problem is that people don’t know how important having clean water is until it’s no longer easily accessible for them. When people become more informed about the problems that we are facing and will face very soon as a society. We can take certain steps to try to prevent it and to ensure our quality of life not only stays the same, but improves. Little can be accomplished by one, but if we work together and try to  conserve and keep our water clean, it can last much longer. The objective of this experiment is relatively simple, to educate on how much we affect our environment by the actions we take and what we can do to improve our habits to ensure that our water supply will last much longer and have good quality. It also has the purpose to let people know that their actions don’t just affect them or only the people that they live around; it also affects the environment and the animals that inhabit it. During the experiment of the Water Quality and Contamination my hypothesis were; The Oil hypothesis was that if there is oil in the surface water then, I think when the water is passed through soil it will be able to filter out the oil before it reaches the groundwater. The hypothesis for the vinegar hypothesis was if there is vinegar in the surface water then, I think that when passed through soil it will still remai n in the groundwater. My laundry detergent hypothesis was if there is laundry detergent in the surface water then, when it is passed through soil it will still have traces of laundry detergent in the groundwater. The next experiment’s hypothesis was that using particular chemicals and methods of filtration, we should be able to remove most of the contaminates that are in the groundwater. This was the experiment that involved different methods of Water Treatment. The final experiment pertained to the drinking water quality and my hypothesis was that tap water will contain the most contaminates because of its path and unknown condition. The bottles of water are in a more sterile environment. The Dasani water is treated and Fiji comes from a natural spring. The treated water (Dasani) will have the least amount of contaminates. Materials and Methods The first experiment that was conducted used soil, different beakers, wooden stir sticks, vegetable oil, vinegar, liquid laundry detergent, water, cheesecloth and funnels. I poured water into each of the first 4 beakers, and then put vegetable oil, vinegar and laundry detergent in respectively. I stirred them with the wooden stir sticks and used the cheesecloth to line the funnel and put soil in and poured each of the different contaminates through, replacing the soil and cheesecloth each time. The second experiment involved beakers, soil, cylinders, sand, charcoal, gravel, wooden stir stick, alum, funnel, cheesecloth, bleach, stopwatch and water. I added  soil to a beaker and put water with the soil and mixed them with two beakers 15 times. I divvied some on the contaminated solution into a new beaker and added alum to it. I stirred the mixture with a wooden stick for 1-2 minutes and then let it sit for 15 minutes. I lined a funnel with cheesecloth and layered sand, charcoal and g ravel into the cheesecloth. I poured the clean tap water through the filter and repeated 4 times. I poured  ¾ of the contaminated water into the funnel and let it filter for 5 minutes. I annotated the smell and compared to the mixture in step 3. I added a few drops of bleach and stirred the combination for 1 minute. I then compared and annotated the now filtered water to the initial contaminated water. The final lab contained Dasani bottled water, Fiji bottled water, Ammonia test stripes, Chloride test strips, 4 in 1 test strip, phosphate test strips, iron test strips, beakers, marker, stopwatch, Parafilm, pipettes, foil packets of reducing powder and tap water. I labeled each of the beakers and poured Dasani, Fiji and tap water in each of the three beakers. I gathered the ammonia test strips and placed in the water and moved them up and down vigorously for 30 seconds each, I held each pad level for 30 seconds to get a reading. I did this 2 more times for each of the beakers. I then retrieved the chloride tes t strips and immersed the reaction zones in each of the three beakers one at a time for 1 second each. I shook off the excess liquid and determined what color the test strip was. I then used the 4 in 1 test strip and dipped in each of the beakers again, one at a time, for 5 seconds and wiggled back and forth. I briskly removed the excess water and waited 20 seconds to read the results. I then used the phosphate test strip by dipping in each of the beakers signally for 5 seconds and then removed and held horizontal for 45 seconds, leaving the excess water on the test strip and recorded the results. Finally, I used the Iron test strip and removed 70 ml of water from each beaker and tested 30 ml of each of the three beakers. I added one foil packet and covered with parafilm and shook the beaker for 15 seconds. I removed and dipped the test pad into the sample and moved it back and forth under the water for 5 seconds. I removed and shook the excess water off and tested and compared 10 seconds later.